50+ Cell Biology MCQs On – Prokaryotic Cells
1. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They contain a nucleus
- b) They have membrane-bound organelles
- c) They lack a well-defined nucleus
- d) They have a complex system of endomembranes
- Answer: c) They lack a well-defined nucleus
2. Which of the following structures is present in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Mitochondria
- b) Endoplasmic reticulum
- c) Golgi apparatus
- d) Ribosomes
- Answer: d) Ribosomes
3. Which of the following structures is responsible for the generation of energy in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Chloroplasts
- b) Nucleus
- c) Mitochondria
- d) Golgi apparatus
- Answer: c) Mitochondria
4. What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
- a) To regulate the entry and exit of substances
- b) To protect the cell from mechanical damage
- c) To control the movement of the cell
- d) To produce ATP
- Answer: b) To protect the cell from mechanical damage
5. Which of the following structures is found in some prokaryotic cells and not in others?
- a) Flagella
- b) Mitochondria
- c) Nucleus
- d) Endoplasmic reticulum
- Answer: a) Flagella
6. What is the shape of most prokaryotic cells?
- a) Round
- b) Square
- c) Rectangular
- d) Rod-shaped
- Answer: d) Rod-shaped
7. What is the function of pili in prokaryotic cells?
- a) To protect the cell from mechanical damage
- b) To regulate the entry and exit of substances
- c) To transfer genetic material between cells
- d) To produce ATP
- Answer: c) To transfer genetic material between cells
8. Which of the following structures is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Ribosomes
- b) Mitochondria
- c) Chloroplasts
- d) Nucleus
- Answer: a) Ribosomes
9. Which of the following statements is true about the DNA in prokaryotic cells?
- a) It is located in a well-defined nucleus
- b) It is circular in shape
- c) It is associated with histone proteins
- d) It is present in multiple copies
- Answer: b) It is circular in shape
10. Which of the following structures is responsible for the movement of prokaryotic cells?
- a) Mitochondria
- b) Flagella
- c) Pili
- d) Ribosomes
- Answer: b) Flagella
11. What is the function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells?
- a) To protect the cell from mechanical damage
- b) To regulate the entry and exit of substances
- c) To control the movement of the cell
- d) To produce ATP
- Answer: b) To regulate the entry and exit of substances
12. Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of ATP in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Chloroplasts
- b) Mitochondria
- c) Ribosomes
- d) Nucleus
- Answer: b) Mitochondria
13. Which of the following is not a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
- a) Lack of a well-defined nucleus
- b) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
- c) Small size
- d) Presence of ribosomes
- Answer: b) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
14. Which of the following structures is responsible for the synthesis and modification of lipids in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Endoplasmic reticulum
- b) Golgi apparatus
- c) Mitochondria
- d) None of the above
- Answer: d) None of the above
15. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They have linear DNA
- b) They lack cell walls
- c) They reproduce through binary fission
- d) They are generally larger than eukaryotic cells
- Answer: c) They reproduce through binary fission
16. What is the function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?
- a) To control the movement of the cell
- b) To regulate the entry and exit of substances
- c) To store genetic material
- d) To produce ATP
- Answer: c) To store genetic material
17. Which of the following structures is responsible for the detoxification of harmful substances in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Mitochondria
- b) Peroxisomes
- c) Lysosomes
- d) Nucleus
- Answer: b) Peroxisomes
18. Which of the following structures is responsible for the uptake of nutrients in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Ribosomes
- b) Flagella
- c) Pili
- d) Cell membrane
- Answer: d) Cell membrane
19. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They lack genetic material
- b) They are found only in multicellular organisms
- c) They do not undergo cell division
- d) They have a simple structure
- Answer: d) They have a simple structure
20. What is the function of the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells?
- a) To protect the cell from mechanical damage
- b) To store genetic material
- c) To regulate the movement of the cell
- d) To carry out metabolic processes
- Answer: d) To carry out metabolic processes
21. Which of the following structures is responsible for maintaining the shape of prokaryotic cells?
- a) Cell membrane
- b) Cell wall
- c) Nucleoid
- d) Ribosomes
- Answer: b) Cell wall
22. Which of the following structures is responsible for the storage of nutrients and waste products in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Vacuole
- b) Mitochondria
- c) Chloroplasts
- d) None of the above
- Answer: d) None of the above
23. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They are only found in animals
- b) They are multicellular organisms
- c) They lack membrane-bound organelles
- d) They have a complex structure
- Answer: c) They lack membrane-bound organelles
24. Which of the following structures is responsible for the synthesis of cell wall components in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Mitochondria
- b) Chloroplasts
- c) Ribosomes
- d) Enzymes
- Answer: d) Enzymes
25. What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?
- a) To protect the cell from mechanical damage
- b) To regulate the entry and exit of substances
- c) To control the movement of the cell
- d) To protect the cell from the immune system
- Answer: d) To protect the cell from the immune system
26. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They are larger than eukaryotic cells
- b) They are more complex than eukaryotic cells
- c) They lack membrane-bound organelles
- d) They are only found in plants
- Answer: c) They lack membrane-bound organelles
27. What is the function of the mesosome in prokaryotic cells?
- a) To produce ATP
- b) To control the movement of the cell
- c) To regulate the entry and exit of substances
- d) Its function is still unknown
- Answer: d) Its function is still unknown
28. Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Nucleoid
- b) Cell membrane
- c) Nucleus
- d) None of the above
- Answer: a) Nucleoid
29. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They are multicellular organisms
- b) They have a well-defined nucleus
- c) They lack cytoplasm
- d) They reproduce asexually
- Answer: d) They reproduce asexually
30. Which of the following structures is responsible for the degradation of cellular waste in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Mitochondria
- b) Lysosomes
- c) Peroxisomes
- d) Nucleus
- Answer: b) Lysosomes
31. Which of the following statements is true about the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells?
- a) It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer
- b) It is a rigid structure that does not allow for the movement of substances in and out of the cell
- c) It contains many membrane-bound organelles
- d) It is found only in eukaryotic cells
- Answer: a) It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer
32. Which of the following structures is responsible for the movement of prokaryotic cells?
- a) Cilia
- b) Flagella
- c) Microvilli
- d) Pili
- Answer: b) Flagella
33. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They are more diverse than eukaryotic cells
- b) They are all unicellular organisms
- c) They lack a cell wall
- d) They are only found in bacteria
- Answer: a) They are more diverse than eukaryotic cells
34. Which of the following structures is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Ribosomes
- b) Nucleus
- c) Endoplasmic reticulum
- d) Golgi apparatus
- Answer: a) Ribosomes
35. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They are unable to carry out photosynthesis
- b) They do not require oxygen for respiration
- c) They have a more complex structure than eukaryotic cells
- d) They are only found in animals
- Answer: b) They do not require oxygen for respiration
36. Which of the following structures is responsible for the attachment of prokaryotic cells to surfaces?
- a) Flagella
- b) Pili
- c) Capsule
- d) Cell wall
- Answer: b) Pili
37. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They lack genetic material
- b) They do not contain enzymes
- c) They have a well-defined nucleus
- d) They are able to carry out photosynthesis
- Answer: d) They are able to carry out photosynthesis
38. Which of the following structures is responsible for the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Nucleus
- b) Mitochondria
- c) Ribosomes
- d) Operons
- Answer: d) Operons
39. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
- a) They are only found in multicellular organisms
- b) They are unable to carry out cellular respiration
- c) They lack membrane-bound organelles
- d) They have a more complex structure than eukaryotic cells
- Answer: c) They lack membrane-bound organelles
40. Which of the following structures is responsible for the storage of genetic material in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Nucleus
- b) Mitochondria
- c) Ribosomes
- d) Nucleoid
- Answer: d) Nucleoid
41. Which of the following is NOT a component of the prokaryotic cell wall?
- a) Lipids
- b) Proteins
- c) Carbohydrates
- d) Nucleic acids
- Answer: d) Nucleic acids
42. What is the primary function of the prokaryotic cell wall?
- a) To regulate the entry and exit of materials
- b) To provide support and shape to the cell
- c) To synthesize proteins and other molecules
- d) To store genetic information
- Answer: b) To provide support and shape to the cell
43. Which of the following is a common component of the prokaryotic cell wall?
- a) Cellulose
- b) Chitin
- c) Peptidoglycan
- d) Starch
- Answer: c) Peptidoglycan
44. Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer than gram-positive bacteria and also have an additional outer membrane containing:
- a) Proteins
- b) Carbohydrates
- c) Lipids
- d) Nucleic acids
- Answer: c) Lipids
45. Which of the following is responsible for the acid-fast staining property of certain bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
- a) Peptidoglycan
- b) Lipopolysaccharides
- c) Mycolic acids
- d) Teichoic acids
- Answer: c) Mycolic acids
46. The cell walls of archaea are composed of:
- a) Cellulose
- b) Chitin
- c) Peptidoglycan
- d) Unique lipids and proteins
- Answer: d) Unique lipids and proteins
47. Which of the following is a function of the prokaryotic cell wall in addition to providing structural support?
- a) Regulating gene expression
- b) Facilitating cellular respiration
- c) Preventing dehydration
- d) Transporting molecules in and out of the cell
- Answer: c) Preventing dehydration
48. Which of the following antibiotics works by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Penicillin
- b) Tetracycline
- c) Streptomycin
- d) Erythromycin
- Answer: a) Penicillin
49. Some bacteria are able to evade the host immune system by modifying their cell wall with:
- a) Fatty acids
- b) Glycans
- c) Phospholipids
- d) Capsular polysaccharides
- Answer: d) Capsular polysaccharides
50. Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cell wall?
- a) Providing a barrier to protect the cell from the environment
- b) Facilitating cell-to-cell communication
- c) Maintaining cell shape and integrity
- d) Anchoring proteins to the cell surface
- Answer: b) Facilitating cell-to-cell communication
51. In addition to the peptidoglycan layer, some gram-positive bacteria have an outer layer composed of:
- a) Lipids
- b) Carbohydrates
- c) Proteins
- d) Teichoic acids
- Answer: d) Teichoic acids
52. Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall?
- a) Gram-positive bacteria
- b) Gram-negative bacteria
- c) Mycobacteria
- d) Mycoplasmas
- Answer: d) Mycoplasmas
53. Which of the following is a type of bacterial cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan and is instead composed of glycoproteins?
- a) S-layer
- b) Lipopolysaccharide layer
- c) Capsule
- d) Fimbriae
- Answer: a) S-layer
54. The gram stain is a laboratory technique that is used to differentiate bacteria based on differences in their:
- a) Cell size
- b) Ribosomal RNA content
- c) Cell wall structure
- d) Cytoplasmic content
- Answer: c) Cell wall structure
55. Prokaryotic cell walls are important targets for antibiotics because they:
- a) Are essential for bacterial growth and survival
- b) Are easily disrupted by chemical agents
- c) Play a role in cell-to-cell communication
- d) Are involved in energy production
- Answer: a) Are essential for bacterial growth and survival
56. What is the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?
- a) DNA only
- b) RNA only
- c) Both DNA and RNA
- d) None of the above
- Answer: a) DNA only
57. Where is the genetic material located in a prokaryotic cell?
- a) In the cytoplasm
- b) In the mitochondria
- c) In the nucleus
- d) None of the above
- Answer: a) In the cytoplasm
58. How is genetic material in prokaryotic cells organized?
- a) Into chromosomes
- b) Into nucleosomes
- c) Into histones
- d) None of the above
- Answer: a) Into chromosomes
59. What shape is the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?
- a) Linear
- b) Circular
- c) Square
- d) None of the above
- Answer: b) Circular
